tukufakaholo fakatekinikale ʻuliʻuli
Otis Boykin
ʻOku tokosiʻi pe ha niʻihi kuo nau maʻu ʻa e ola tuʻuloa ʻo ʻeleveita otis Boykin. Vakai takai ʻi he fale he ʻaho ni pea te ke sio ki ha ngaahi meʻangaue kehekehe ʻoku nau fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi konga naʻe fai ʻe Boykin – kau ai ʻa e ngaahi komipiuta, letioo mo e TV. ʻOku toe fakaʻofoʻofa ange ʻa e ngaahi faʻu ʻa Boykin ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakakaukauʻi ai ʻe ha taha ko ha ʻAmelika ʻAfilika ia ʻi ha taimi ʻo e vahevahe pea mo e malaʻe ʻo e ngaahi meʻa fakaʻilekitulonika naʻe ʻikai ke fokotuʻu lelei ʻo hange ko e ʻaho ni.
Naʻe ʻi ai ha ngaue maʻuʻanga moʻui kehekehe ʻa ʻeleveita otis Boykin (1920–1982). Naʻa ne faʻu ha misini naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ke mapuleʻi ʻaki e loto pacemakers, ngaahi konga ki hono tataki ʻo e ngaahi meʻa fakatuʻutamaki mo e komipiuta, ko ha meʻa sivi fakaʻilekitulonika, mo ha misini paʻanga naʻe ʻikai lava ʻe he kau kaihaʻa ʻo maumauʻi. Naʻe ngāue ʻ a Boykin ʻ i Chicago, Illinois, pea ʻ i Pālesi ʻ i Falanisē.
Hili ʻene ʻosi mei he kolisi Fisk ʻi he 1941, naʻa ne kamata ngaue mo e kautaha letio fakaʻeiʻeiki mo e TV pea aʻu P.J. Nilsen fekumi Laboratories. Naʻe kau ʻi heʻene ngaahi faʻu foʻou ha uaea resistor naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻi he televisone, letioo, ngaahi komipiuta IBM, pea naʻa mo e ngaahi meʻa fakakautau. Naʻa ne toe faʻu foki mo ha ʻiuniti pule ki he pacemaker. Naʻe tokoni ʻa Boykin ke fakaleleiʻi mo ʻai ke lelei mo maʻamaʻa ange ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakaʻilekitulonika fakaʻaho.
Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he kau ngaue fakakautau ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteiti mo e IBM ʻa e ngaahi ʻota kotoa pe ki he resistor. ʻE fakaʻaongaʻi ia ʻi he ngaahi meʻangaue fakaʻapi, komipiuta mo e ngaahi meʻa fakatuʻutamaki – pea ʻoku kei fakaʻaongaʻi pe ia ʻi he konga lahi ʻo e ngaahi meʻangaue ko ia ʻo aʻu ki he ʻaho ni. Kae mahalo ko e meʻa mahuʻinga taha, naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ha tatau ʻo ʻene resistor ʻi hono faʻu ʻo e pacemaker. Kuo tokoni ʻa e meʻangaue ko ia, ʻa ia ʻoku ne ta maʻu pe ʻa e mafu ʻi he pulses fakaʻilekitulonika, ke fakaloloa e moʻui ʻa ha niʻihi fakafoʻituitui ʻe laungeau.
Pea naʻe ʻikai ngata ai e ngaahi lavameʻa ʻa ʻeleveita otis Boykin. Naʻe hokohoko atu ʻene faʻu ʻi he loloa ʻo ʻene moʻui (ʻa ia naʻe ngata ʻi he 1982), ʻo ngaue ko ha tokotaha fai faleʻi ki he ngaahi kautaha ʻi ʻAmelika mo ʻIulope. Ko hono kotoa, naʻa ne maʻu ha ngaahi teniti ʻe 11 pea ne faʻu ha ngaahi meʻangaue fakaʻilekitulonika kehekehe ʻe 28. ʻOku kau ʻi he niʻihi ʻo ʻene ngaahi faʻu foʻou ʻoku ʻikai ʻiloʻi ha burglar paʻanga mo ha meʻa sivi ʻo e kemikale – ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai teitei faʻu.